The research on these issues began in 1982 and was conducted by an ad hoc committee established by the Washington Association of Churches. Information was gathered through document reviews and discussions with church leaders and members. Findings revealed that sexual contact by a pastor or pastoral counselor in professional relationships is likely to be psychologically harmful to victims. It is a theological, pastoral, and ethical problem and not just an administrative problem. It is also more widespread than commonly believed. However, the supportive care that victims need is often absent, and church members generally lack awareness of existing grievance procedures. Therefore, each denomination should clarify its policy on professional ethics and establish or clarify its procedures to support the policy. Church judicatories should have specific procedures to assess complaints and respond to victims, perpetrators, and congregations. Preventive measures include annual seminars for professionals, the use of supportive peer review practices, and the provision of library and other resources. Lists of resource publications and organizations.