Both AIDS and TB are chronic infections, each capable of developing into a clinical disease after long periods of asymptomatic infection. A strong association has been found between AIDS and TB in some patients. Prisoners are at high risk for infection with both organisms and may be the source of TB exposure to the general population or other inmates. A case presented here and a review of previous surveillance for HIV antibody and skin tests for prior infection with M. Tuberculosis suggests that HIV related tuberculosis disease could soon become a significant problem and needs further study. (Author abstract modified)