The history of youth services in America addresses the birth of the modern youth service, developments in the Carter years, and developments in the Reagan years. Barriers discussed as the principal causes of failure for youth services organizations involve significant conceptual, political, cultural, professional, and administrative factors. Overall, the barriers involve an interlocking set of attitudes, behaviors, and practices that often create chaos and repetitive failure in youth services. Public and professional misconceptions about youth and the youth service are contributing factors to the fragmentation and disarray in the provision of youth services. The described "ideal" youth service system is based on a public education campaign that establishes the need and legitimacy of youth work in the public mind. A central element in a successful youth service system is pluralism in programs and approaches, adapted to fit the needs of particular youth populations. Community-based programs would attract youth through the least coercive means available. The programs must involve youth in their development and operation, and financing must be more rational and purposeful. Examples of effective youth service systems in the United States and Europe are provided. Specific recommendations are offered.