It addresses controversial issues of drug programs through specific consideration of the what, why, when, and how of drug evaluation, while emphasizing the interrelation of these aspects in the how of an evaluation. Humanitarian, efficiency, and accessibility aspects of programs are considered in addition to effectiveness measures and behavioral or health status outcomes. The practical action models of evaluation as outlined by Nutbeam are explained and compared with the scientific models of evaluation. The Rage Without Alcohol (RWA) program is presented as a practical action model incorporating alternate methods such as surveys of drug use, activity measures and performance indicators, formative evaluation of program development and implementation, and monitoring of long term outcome. Both scientific and practical action models of program evaluation are considered important approaches in understanding the multifaceted outcome process of drug education. 4 figures and 30 references. (Author abstract modified)