Some specific needs are identified for adolescents, African-Americans, gays, women, Latinos, persons with major psychiatric illnesses in addition to chemical dependency, and populations having a low incidence of HIV infection. Testing policies are formulated for inpatient, outpatient, and methadone maintenance chemical dependency treatment facilities and the pros and cons of testing during chemical dependency treatment are discussed along with the ethical and legal implications surrounding these issues. Methadone and abstinence modalities for opioid addiction are addressed along with pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatment of cocaine dependency. The new stresses imposed on chemically dependent patients by the diagnosis of HIV exposure and/or their subsequent illness are examined. 43 references, 1 note, 13 tables, 1 figure.