The seizure of property or materials regarding which persons have no reasonable expectation of privacy is not covered by search-and-seizure law. In a relevant case presented in this chapter, the soles of a detainee's shoes were held not to be subject to constitutional protection. Open fields are also excluded from the protection of search-and-seizure law. One court case reviewed held that the erection of a fence, locked gates, and no-trespassing signs placed around a secluded field did not create a legitimate expectation of privacy. In another case presented, a barn located 50 yards from a ranch house was found to be outside the resident area where there would be a reasonable expectation of privacy. Seven cases are presented to delineate the parameters for a plain-view search not protected by search-and-seizure law. Among the observations permitted in these cases are aerial observations and items viewed in the course of a legitimate arrest. In the two court cases presented to show the exclusion of abandoned property from search-and-seizure protection, garbage left outside the home for collection is excluded as is abandoned property intentionally discarded without police coercion.