The guidelines focus on contemporary procedures being used in the field and are intended for use both by pre-service officers and officers with inservice experience. A summary of preliminary procedures emphasizes the importance of perceiving, assessing, and reacting to a variety of risks. A color code is used to define five levels of risk and the accompanying perception needed: professional perception of basic occupational risks, tactical perception in confrontational situations, threshold threat perception, harmful threat perception, and lethal threat perception. Guidelines are given for several types of vehicle stops, situations involving high-risk vehicles or resistant suspects, and techniques for forcible vehicle stops. Photographs and diagrams