Remission systems have been in use in almost every correctional institution since the early 19th century to the present. Despite their longevity, such systems have generally enjoyed a precarious existence. A major problem with remission or incentive systems is that the controversy and modifications associated with them over the years have led to confusion as to their fundamental goals and objectives. Rhetoric describing their purpose is not always related to actual practice, and most systems are really a form of punishment rather than incentive systems. It is difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of remission systems in achieving their goals, in part because goals are unclear or incompatible and in part because the required research has not been conducted. Research that has been reported suggests that remission systems may contribute to institutional control by discouraging some inmates from engaging in misconduct. It is argued that remission systems are not likely to have much benefit in terms of offender rehabilitation unless they reward the acquisition of attitudes, values, and cognitive-behavior skills and they conform to established principles of behavior change. 94 references