There is some indication that AIDS prevention activities to date have achieved a measure of their goal. Significant risk reduction has been reported among subsets of gay adult males and IV drug users. Still, some of these groups have not yet initiated change, and others have not been able to sustain earlier changes. The Committee recommends that the Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration conduct research on AIDS-related relapse prevention. The inconsistent use of condoms is a common theme across all populations associated with the AIDS epidemic. The Committee recommends that the Public Health Service fund research that will identify determinants of condom use for all populations at risk for AIDS, improve condom design and materials, and develop intervention to promote their consistent use. The Committee also recommends that the Public Health Service fund research that will develop protective measures other than condoms. Among the recommendations that pertain to women, the Committee proposes careful review of the goals of testing and counseling programs for women of childbearing age and the implementation of research efforts to determine the effect of such programs on future risk-taking behavior. 300 references