First used on offenders in 1984, electronic monitors are currently used daily on at least 12,000 probationers, parolees, work releases, pretrial releases, and other offenders under supervision in the community. There are two basic types of electronic monitoring devices. Continuously signalling devices constantly monitor the presence of an offender at a particular location. Programmed contact devices contact the offender periodically to verify his/her presence at a particular location. Most of the equipment limits participation to those who have a telephone at home. Philosophical issues surrounding electronic monitoring focus not so much on the technology itself but how it is used and the extent to which it is used. If surveillance is an accepted objective, however, electronic monitoring is a means of achieving it. Electronic monitoring is a less expensive surveillance strategy than random face-to-face contact by probation or parole officers. Strategies for avoiding misunderstandings include being realistic about why the program is being established and what it is expected to accomplish. It should have consistent policies and procedures and document events that occur as well as specific expectations. Monitoring equipment should be purchased only after program goals and objectives have been formulated. 9 references