An overview presents a research-based justification for distinguishing between process and substance when considering the meaning of justice as viewed by the participants in the justice system. Additional chapters examine recent developments in procedural mechanisms including negotiation, mediation, grievance mechanisms, reforms in litigation procedures for small claims, arbitration reforms, and other developments. Additional studies consider dispute resolution in a variety of contexts including neighborhood, consumer, family, industrial relations, ombudsmen, and financial services. Examples of alternative dispute settlement in the Federal Republic of Germany, Canada, and the People's Republic of China are also considered along with research from the United Kingdom and the United States. The final chapters explore the needs for research and training and possibilities for future developments in alternative dispute resolution. Tables, figures, chapter notes, index, and 277 references