Data on inmate populations address population size; inmate demographic breakdown (proportion of women, proportion of minors and young adults, and proportion of foreigners); rates of detention; breakdown by type of detention; "flows" for imprisonment (number of imprisonments, rate of imprisonments, and proportion of unconvicted prisoners at entry); and duration of imprisonment. Other statistics on prison populations cover changes in inmate numbers since 1970, changes in flows of imprisonment and duration of imprisonment since 1983, changes in breakdown since 1983, and detention pending trial. Data on conditions of detention encompass rates of occupancy, prison staffing, and ratio of staff to prisoners. Data are also provided on prison budgets, buildings, and equipment. A study of the frequency of custodial sentences includes both adults and juveniles. The study of recidivism and its measurement reviews the studies of recidivism in Council Member States since 1980. 24 tables, 7 figures, and 8 references