UN congresses on the prevention of crime and the treatment of offenders have placed special emphasis on general criminal justice issues and policies, in addition to dealing with specific aspects of crime prevention and criminal justice. These congresses have developed standards of general application and have established guiding principles for crime prevention and criminal justice in the context of development and the international economic order. The standards focus on international cooperation in crime prevention, particularly with respect to organized crime, terrorism, and extradition. Model treaties have been developed for mutual assistance in criminal matters, the transfer of criminal proceedings from one jurisdiction to another, and the prevention of crimes that infringe on people's cultural heritage. UN standards have also been devised for the treatment of offenders, the judiciary and law enforcement, juvenile justice, victim protection, capital punishment, torture and other cruel or inhumane treatment and punishment, extralegal executions, and human rights.