Common myths about rape are that it requires physical force, resistance by the victim, or a weapon or that it mainly concerns sex. Other myths are that the victim is responsible and that rape is usually a spontaneous behavior. A major result of these myths is underreporting by victims. Research in Australia and other countries reveals that the majority of sexual assaults are perpetrated by acquaintances, dates, or spouses. Class, education, and occupation are not significantly related to rapists nor is any specific personality type. Rape produces a variety of adverse emotional, physical, and behavioral impacts on victims. To prevent rape in Australia, changes are needed in societal norms regarding female power and authority and the expression of masculinity through violence. The criminal justice response also needs to change through law reform, the knowledge and attitudes of judges and attorneys, and police policies and procedures. Individuals can also help prevent rape by learning assertiveness and self-defense, knowing their sexual rights, being cautious about going to a date's home, understanding that rape does not have to involve physical force, using deadbolt locks, and using other personal security measures. Figures and 59 references