International conventions of the United Nations require all countries to criminalize all nonmedical use of drugs. However, the problem with the so-called "War on Drugs" is not only that it cannot be won but also that it might even have made the situation worse. Peaceful alternatives would require governments to promote realistic and pragmatic education on harmful substances and that would address drug problems as one of the many social and health problems in our society. Most countries favor a policy of demand reduction. However, in some Western European countries and the United States, the philosophy and the practice can differ widely. Europe has much more political room for the development of peaceful policies than does the United States, which appears to be isolated with its tough measures against drug abusers. However, European governments vary widely in supporting peaceful approaches with actions as well as words. Harmonizing the policies in the European Community would be a desirable goal. Tables and 10 references