Dating violence occurs when a person is physically abused by a person whom they are dating. Physical abuse includes slapping, choking, biting, kicking, throwing things, holding weapons, punching, pulling hair, shoving, pinching, and physical restraint. Other forms of abuse are intimidation, isolation, brainwashing, and deprivation. Factors that contribute to the prevalence of dating violence in American society are a society that is generally violent, intense feelings as a characteristic of youth, the absence of a taboo against dating violence in the youth subculture, alcohol and other drug abuse, and few consequences that foster accountability. An abusive relationship usually has cycles of abuse, regret, promises to reform, and a repeat of the abuse. The cycle of abuse gives both the abuser and the victim a sense that the relationship is progressing beyond the violence, but it may recur at any time. A person who has been abused should recognize that this is serious behavior not easily changed. Guidance from outside the abusive relationship is essential, and once the abuse occurs, the victim should not be alone with the victim. Only after the abuser has received appropriate professional help should the victim even consider being alone with him again. Medical, legal, and emotional help may be necessary for the victim. Recovery from such abuse involves the victim's believing that physical and other types of abuse must never be an accepted part of her life.