The first study found that instructions encouraging people to image increased total recall but that these effects were equivalent across correct and incorrect information. In other words, imagery increased the amount of correct and incorrect information recalled by a subject. Results of the second study indicated that cross-racial identifications were more difficult and therefore perhaps less reliable than same race identifications. The third study determined that time of day had a significant effect on eyewitness memory. Eyewitnesses in the morning had higher recall scores than eyewitnesses in the evening. The final study showed that observers of an ambiguous social event could be induced to perceive physical causal relations that were not actually present. 65 references, 6 tables, and 1 figure