Middle-class evangelicals, philanthropists, educators, and progressive liberals in the late 19th Century wished to reestablish closer relations and gain working-class acceptance for a new, bourgeois-led moral order. In the remaking of social relations between the classes that occurred during this period, concern about the desired behavior of juveniles played a crucial role. According to this analysis, reformers used the debate centered around the 1870 Education Act, the relationship between school and paid employment, and the regulation of leisure to inaugurate policies to encourage the dynamics of dependency and control among juveniles that they wished to instill in the working classes. 1 figure and 39 notes