The ethnic groups in Ontario include the Native people, the descendants of French and British colonizers, and other ethnic groups from other origins. Children usually develop an awareness of their ethnic identity around 4-5 years of age. The centrality of the family is a major characteristic of most ethnic groups. Children are precious to virtually all immigrant families. In Ontario, ethnic children are shaped by their background and identify, similarities or differences with the norms of English Canadians, their parents' attitudes toward the host culture, and the attitude of significant people from the host culture toward their ethnic group. Children from the visible minorities may face the greatest challenge. Teachers can act as positive agents to create a dynamic and open environment. To be successful, a teacher must first understand the linguistic and psychological acculturation process each child faces and be aware of the general characteristics of every ethnic group. Teachers must also avoid assumptions by finding out children's own perceptions of their ethnic identifies. Teachers must also have the capacity to empathize with parents who want their children to stay the same in an unfamiliar world. The capable teacher conveys respect for the parents' ethnic values while explaining the significant realities of the new culture. Such professionalism enables the teacher to act as an ally to both parent and child in situations where cultural conflicts can cause problems for the child. Appended lists of characteristics of specific cultures, reference notes, and 27 references