Street gangs constitute an endemic problem that has its roots in the inner city and is the result of technological change, social processes, and social neglect. The primary reasons youths join gangs are for protection, to enhance self-esteem, to satisfy the need to belong, and to obtain income. The U.S. Congress has not ignored the problem of gangs and crime, but its legislative actions have been misplaced. It has focused on repressive measures and ignored measures designed to remedy the causes of street gangs. Congress has ignored systemic issues that have given rise to gangs and the conditions that have nurtured the hopelessness and sense of despair that are at the root of gang membership. In receiving input for the crafting of legislation to counter street gangs, Congress has tended to limit it to criminal justice sources. Comprehensive and effective legislation requires input from economists, criminologists, sociologists, and social workers. Representatives of business, industry, and organized labor should also provide input regarding employment problems among youth. The author recommends a three- pronged strategy that focuses on law enforcement, the enhancement of economic opportunity for youth, and the development and expansion of treatment programs for gang youth. 3 notes and 31 references