The discussion notes that the government's reactions during both periods have major similarities. The child savers in both historical era have imposed their class, ethnic, and racial biases upon poor, immigrant, and black women. These child savers imposed a gender ideology of maternal care on mothers, labeling those mothers who did not conform to their cultural ideal as being unfit mothers in need of government control. In the modern era, physicians collude with prosecutors and social workers to prosecute and medicalize pregnant mothers who use drugs through the use of mandatory reporting laws together with drug test. The result is often the removal of children from their homes. This historical comparison provides insights into how processes of engendering government power have taken power from mothers. Notes and 94 references (Author abstract modified)