The model used for planning is a critical path model introduced by R. Buckminster Fuller. The top of the three- dimensional pyramidal model is labeled "vision, navigation." It involves leadership that has a clear vision of what is to be accomplished based in proven principles. Subordinates must be trained to act in accordance with the vision and assume leadership themselves, rather than depending on someone else to tell them what to do. At one corner of the base of the model is "design," which involves establishing a plan that spells out goals for the program. All aspects of the program should be geared toward specified goals. Punishment and the demeaning of participants should never be a goal of a boot camp. Physical activities should be carefully designed to build confidence and fitness. Another point in the base of the model is called "operations." Operations involves programming for treatment and education. Each operation is designed and tuned to accomplish the overall effort, which is to produce "good citizens." At a third corner in the three-dimensional pyramid is "ballistics," which involves strict attention to every detail of operations, such that the program does not depart from its goals and the methods that must be followed to meet those goals.