The discussion focuses on the use of steroids, stimulants, diuretics, or over-the-counter pain medication in the mistaken belief that they will enhance physical performance in a sports contest. Recent studies have shown that steroids, synthetic derivatives of the male hormone testosterone, can increase muscle size and strength in a short period of time; however, strength gains are only temporary and disappear when steroids are discontinued. Further, muscle produced by steroids is more prone to injury. The harmful side effects of steroid use in both males and females involve the increased risk of liver and heart disease. In the case of stimulants, there can be a slight increase of endurance with moderately high dosages; however, it brings, among other things, increased heart rate and blood pressure, thereby increasing the risk of stroke and heart attack. The booklet also discusses the myths associated with the benefits for sports performance of alcohol and over-the-counter pain medications. Signs that an athlete may be using illegal drugs and signs related to specific drug use are outlined. The discussion concludes with recommendations for what a parent or coach should do about suspected drug use and suggestions for positive action programs for drug-free athletes. Seven resources are listed.