Based on a general theory of informal social control, the authors propose a two-step hypothesis that links structure and process: family poverty inhibits family processes of informal social control, in turn increasing the likelihood of juvenile delinquency. The results support the theory by showing that erratic, threatening, and harsh discipline, low supervision, and weak parent-child attachment mediate the effects of poverty and other structural factors on delinquency. The authors also address the potential confounding role of parental and childhood disposition. Although difficult children who display early antisocial tendencies do disrupt family management, as do antisocial and unstable parents, mediating processes of informal social control still explain a large share of variance in adolescent delinquency. Overall, the results underscore the indirect effects of structural contexts like family poverty on adolescent delinquency within disadvantaged populations. Implications for current debates on race, crime, and the "underclass" in urban America are discussed. 4 tables, 1 figure, and 36 references