Data for this analysis are drawn from 4,577 juveniles included in the National Longitudinal Study of Youth, which examined the labor market experiences of youth over time. Researchers also asked the youth about their experiences with the criminal justice system. Respondents were between the ages of 14 and 19, and were disproportionately black, Hispanic, and economically disadvantaged whites. The results suggested that the relationship between social class and crime were structured by gender. The processes of discipline and control in the workplace identified by Colvin and Pauly did not apply in similar ways for females and males, the latter of which were more likely to engage in delinquent activities. Gender differences were minimized in the surplus population across most crime types, and in the case of burglary/theft, across all class fractions. The findings indicated that underclass women and men were subjected to similar coercive control mechanisms, which were exerted by the State rather than the workplace. 64 notes and 3 appendixes