Intensive Supervision Programs (ISPs) in probation and parole emerged in the 1980s as a promising solution to prison crowding. Research suggests that ISPs are not achieving that goal; nor are they achieving the allied goals of reducing costs and enhancing public safety. To achieve those goals, the authors suggest that ISPs shift their emphasis from exclusive incapacitative and punitive measures to a more integrated approach of interventions and risk-control strategies. Among other discussions, such as Principles of Effective Correctional Interventions, the article describes typical goals, objectives, and procedures for establishing an effective ISP. Included among the goals are (1) Improve participants' situation by providing intensive educational services, employment assistance programs, vocational training, and substance-abuse treatment programs; (2) Maintain public safety by monitoring offenders' behavior, participation in treatment services and progress by developing and maintaining contacts with the offenders, their families, employers, treatment providers and other involved community members; and (3) Reinforce offenders' positive behavior through the use of increased privileges and rewards and hold offenders accountable for their actions by imposing appropriate sanctions ranging from an increased level of supervision to incarceration. Figure, endnotes, bibliography