Census data from 177 central cities are used to test a model that determines the influence of social-structural factors on female homicide rates. One set of independent variables is based on those linked in previous studies to the commission of and victimization through homicide; the second set of variables incorporates factors pertinent to a gender inequality theory of violent crime against women. The results showed that, when compared to a more traditional social-structural model emphasizing the effects of social disorganization, gender inequality variables were significantly less useful predictors of variation in risk among females. The social-structural model functioned as a reasonable explanation of homicide victimization risk among women, despite different patterns and dynamics of their homicides when compared to those of men. 3 tables, 3 notes, and 50 references