Much of the literature refers to American Indians as if they are a homogeneous group; in fact, 512 recognized native entities and 265 recognized tribes with 200 distinct languages live in the United States. Most studies of American Indian people are limited in terms of sample size, and many use data from institutional samples. The little research on American Indian women is largely impressionistic or descriptive. Despite the lack of data, agreement exists that domestic assault is prevalent, increasing, and of concern both on and off reservations. Alcohol appears to have an integral role in wife abuse; comorbidity is also an issue in domestic assault among American Indians. Future research should use local interviewers, maintain sensitivity and confidentiality, integrate current treatment efforts, and frame specific research questions regarding the behaviors and dynamics involved in domestic violence within and between communities. 45 references (Author abstract modified)