The primary focus of these programs was surveillance, not treatment; the assumption was that stricter supervision would deter offenders from committing crimes or using drugs. The results showed that ISP offenders were seen more often by probation officers, submitted more frequently to urinalysis testing, received slightly more counseling, and were more often employed than offenders undergoing routine probation. Within one year, ISP offenders had a higher rate of technical violations of their probation conditions, primarily for drug use, but there was no difference between groups in terms of new criminal arrests. Because more ISP offenders had been imprisoned for technical violations, the cost of ISP averaged around $8,000 per year, compared to $5,500 per offender in routine probation. 3 figures and 7 references