The court cases reviewed pertain to actions that police officers may take to ensure their safety in the contexts of investigative detentions, "routine" vehicle stops, custodial arrests, and the execution of warrants. The author summarizes the key elements and decisions in court cases related to legally permissible police actions to ensure officer safety in various police encounters with citizens. The court cases affirm that the U.S. Constitution does not require police officers to assume greater risks than those inherent in the job. As the cases discussed illustrate, the U.S. Supreme Court has acknowledged those issues and has drawn rules to accommodate them. Given the U.S. Supreme Court's deference to the legitimate safety concerns of police officers and the clear interest of society in protecting those who are charged with enforcing society's laws, departmental policies that are more restrictive should be evaluated to ensure officers are not being required to assume unreasonable risks to their safety. 31 notes