Of 609 women who completed mental health and self-concept measures, 98 reported sexual abuse; 110 of the remaining women were selected as comparisons. Women who were sexually abused as children scored lower on measures of mental health status. Both sexual abuse and fewer years of education were related to lower scores on a psychological well-being scale after variance accounted for by family and demographic variables was removed. Sexual abuse was not a predictor of general self-concept scores after the removal of family and demographic variables, but sexual abuse was independently associated with the subscale that measured the physical aspect of self-concept. These findings lend support to theorized causal links between child sexual abuse and some aspects of later psychological difficulties. Overall, the authors conclude that women who are sexually abused are at increased risk for having mental health problems long after the abuse. Other nonexploitative experiences can also be psychologically detrimental, may coexist with sexual abuse, and may explain some portion of subsequent mental health problems. 1 table and 27 references