Following a brief overview of the history of temperance, prohibition, repeal, and alcohol regulation in the U.S., the authors discuss the impact that Prohibition had on the consumption, production, and distribution of alcohol. Two lessons drawn from Prohibition seem particularly relevant to the creation of drug regulatory law. Drug control law along the lines of alcohol control seems to be practical and reasonable, even though public opinion may oppose such an option on moral grounds. However, a post-drug- prohibition system would require great effort in terms of study, research, and planning. The article concludes with a discussion of whether Americans have the political will to consider serious alternatives to current drug policies. 68 references