Primitive societies are in a state of social solidarity characterized by conformity, cohesion, intact social controls, and norm integration. As they move on the development ladder, traditional norms frequently lose their relevance and new ones take root in the place. Different societal goals emerge, but not all members of society have access to these goals and strain ensues. With the progression of social change, the strength of extant social control mechanisms (family, religion, and community) weaken. Those who share similar frustrations develop a new set of standards, albeit different from that of the dominant culture, to which they are capable of adhering and that provide them sought-after status. These groupings give to their members a like stock of ideas, values, and behavioral forms, many of which are in opposition to the conventional system. At this point, the potential for crime is at its highest and society is characterized by norm divergence, diffusion, defunct social control, and disintegration. The author also examines social control theory, cultural deviance, and subcultural theory. 43 references and 2 figures