The most salient pattern to emerge from the literature is that interaction indicators seem to be more strongly associated with child conduct problems, including violence, than are structural indicators. Most of the research on the role that parenting plays in fomenting a child's violence has focused on parenting factors as a cause of delinquency, and a good part of that emphasizes the apparent relationship between child maltreatment and youth violence. However, empirical causal connections between parenting and violent behavior remains ambiguous due to the complex and multidimensional nature of both violent behavior and parenting, the difficulties of comparing data from different sources, and the fact that diverse measures of parenting demonstrate empirical relationships of different types. 17 references