Empirical evidence suggests four major defining characteristics of risk assessment: (1) outcome; (2) base rates and risk factors for the behavior being predicted; (3) description of risk level in continuous probability rather than dichotomous terms; and (4) determination of what is being predicted, by what factors, and at what risk level. Research has been conducted to enhance the usefulness of the MMPI consistent with aggression risk assessment. Other promising research approaches are identified, including a theory-based, personal construct approach and an actuarial, hierarchical profile analysis approach. Practical implications of using the MMPI-2 in risk assessment are discussed in relation to the threshold issue, response style, and legal aspects of aggression risk assessment. Recommendations for more effectively integrating the MMPI-2 into risk assessment are offered. 72 references