The first section discusses the development of the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) and its two components: the Summary Data Component (SDC), which is the basis for this report, and the Detailed Case Data component. Also, the data-collection and data-analysis processes are briefly described. Section 2 of the report presents the major findings of the analyses of SDC data submitted by the States for 1994. Section 3 reviews the child maltreatment data over the 5 years (1990-94) since the NCANDS began collection of national statistics, and section 4 presents the data tables for 1994 and the explanatory comments from the States. The data show that in 1994 more than 1 million children were the victims of substantiated or indicated child abuse and neglect, a 27-percent increase since 1990. The number of children who were the subjects of reports of alleged maltreatment increased from 2.6 million in 1990 to 2.9 million in 1994. Among children for whom maltreatment was substantiated or indicated in 1994, approximately 53 percent suffered neglect, 26 percent physical abuse, 14 percent sexual abuse, 5 percent emotional abuse, 3 percent medical neglect, and 19 percent other forms of maltreatment. Some children were victims of more than one type of maltreatment. 15 figures and appended list of State Advisory Group Representatives 1994-95, SDC forms and instructions, and technical notes