At least 20 persons were included for each program. The total sample included 453 persons. The participants were interviewed quarterly over a 1-year period. Results revealed that the participants were predominantly white males. The median age was just over 26 years. Almost half the participants were single; one-third were married. The highest level of education completed for almost 60 percent was 10th to 12th grade. More than 85 percent were not currently in school or training. A total of 60.6 percent were employed; 22.4 percent were on public assistance. Just over 85 percent had supported their heroin habits through illegal behavior prior to treatment; only one participant reported such behavior currently. Just over 88 percent did not use heroin. Almost 40 percent felt that they had no drug problem while on methadone maintenance; 44 percent said that their problem was addiction. A total of 47.7 percent considered being on methadone maintenance a problem. Tables