Subjects who indicated lower negative outcome expectancies regarding rape reported a greater history of coercive sexual behavior and higher future likelihood of raping, and were more likely to fit a hypermasculine personality pattern. Regression analysis revealed that a hypermasculine personality style, self-reported likelihood of raping, and the interaction between rape outcome, expectancies, and hypermasculine personality best predicted a history of sexual coercion. The article recommends that future research investigate the directionality of the outcome expectancy-rape relationship; consider the possible application of the research if low outcome expectancies play a causal role in sexual violence; and focus on exactly which aspects of the hypermasculine personality contribute to the association with sexual violence. Tables, references