Individual articles describe a synthetic opioid analogue that may slow the spread of HIV in the brain, the use of a vocational screener to help persons in methadone treatment to overcome barriers to employment, and the increasing levels of snorting and smoking heroin as alternatives to injecting the drug. Additional articles discuss the possibility of using the medication buprenorphine as a heroin treatment option, the long-term benefits of methadone treatment, and issues related to LAAM. Further papers discuss research on the characteristics of the opioid receptor and a study concluding that methadone treatment practices vary widely in their effectiveness. Figures and chapter reference lists