Individual papers review the literature on the prevalence of drug abuse, discuss the social policy implications of the findings of 23 studies, examine 6 categories of psychosocial risk factors in pregnant drug abusers, and discuss the methodological limitations in studies on the links between those factors and drug abuse. Additional papers focus on methodological issues in 76 studies on the effects of prenatal exposure on child outcomes, the consequences of cocaine use for rural pregnant women, birth and developmental outcomes in infants exposed prenatally to drugs, and high-risk adolescent pregnancies. Further papers examine the role of abuse and violence in the lives of low-income pregnant drug abusers, the impact of the living arrangement of the mother and baby on treatment outcomes, and an interagency collaboration to improve outcomes for the mother and family. Other articles discuss the residential drug treatment of pregnant black women and the impacts of the criminal justice approach with respect to maternal and fetal rights. Tables, figures, and chapter reference lists