Various jurisdictions have expanded community service boundaries in many ways: more varied and more creative placements; wider acceptance by the public; a much wider range of offenders placed on orders as confidence in the scheme grew; a rapid growth internationally; and an English scheme which ultimately included an international project. Some of the English community service programs with innovative approaches to placement included: a club for mentally handicapped children, which not only cared for the children but provided their regular caregivers with a day off; a wheelchair shopping service for the elderly and disabled; a hospital visiting service; and practical assistance to individuals and families in crisis. The chapter also investigates community service projects or plans in a number of European countries and the United States. An English program involving large-scale community service work abroad has provoked mixed reactions: some regard it as real and valuable work, while others are concerned that such efforts may contravene national standards in terms of working patterns and do not provide locally based work. Table, references