Federal remedies are not adequate when violators are State officials or the State itself. When a civil rights claim is brought against the State, the court must recognize the basic constitutional tort suit against the government defendant. In addition, the court must determine neither the State nor a State official can assert sovereign or government immunity for violations of the State bill of rights. If compensation and deterrence values are to be achieved, respondeat superior must be the rule in constitutional torts, as in ordinary torts. Litigants and courts have turned to several common law doctrines to redress violations of constitutional rights, and the existence of a State bill of rights empowers a common law court to supply a remedy for the breach of these rights. State constitutional tort theories and cases are discussed, with case law examples included. Questions to be investigated by attorneys preparing to file a civil suit to enforce rights secured by a State constitution are identified. 26 notes