Part One frames the problem by presenting facts on the scope and nature of the violence problem, as well as identifying causes and costs. This section explains how violence negatively impacts children, youth, and families; community residents; schools; police; housing and social services; businesses; and religious organizations. An overview of the risk factors for violence focuses on individual characteristics, family characteristics, school and other educational experience, peer and other social interaction, social conditions, behaviors, and community systems. Protective and resiliency factors are also identified. Part Two illustrates four kinds of strategies that can reduce youth violence in a community. They include developing ways to support families; ensuring safe childhoods; involving youth in educational, social, recreational, and employment activities; and encouraging youths to participate in healthy and supportive communities as involved leaders and citizens. Part Three describes five cities that have developed comprehensive approaches to implementing these strategies, reducing youth violence in the process. Part Four lists 53 resources that can provide more detailed information.