The essay concludes that the fairness of blaming and punishing is immune from attacks based on the possible truth of determinism, which allegedly would render these practices unjust. The discussion also provides a general and unifying defense of responsibility and the excuses. It notes that many of the new claims can be brought within current criminal law defenses, although with reasonable modifications to current doctrine in some cases. It emphasizes that newly defined mental disorders and other syndromes that underpin claims for new excuses do not raise new legal issues that require substantial restructuring of criminal law theory or doctrine, even if they do raise fresh biomedical or social scientific issues. Modifications to existing doctrine are generally preferable to the wholesale creation of new excusing conditions. The analysis also provides and defends a generic theory of excusing and a new, generic doctrine of partial excuse that would justly respond to increased understanding of human behavior. 72 references (Author abstract modified)