The analysis uses the standard three-stage conceptualization (use, abuse, dependence) of drug-taking behavior that applies to all licit and illicit psychoactive drugs. The discussion and recommendations focus on behavioral research, neuroscience, epidemiological research, etiologic research, and drug abuse prevention research. The report also focuses on research on the health and social consequences of drug abuse, including the relationship between drug use and AIDS transmission, the effects of maternal drug abuse on the prenatally exposed infant and child, and the relationship between drug use and violence. Further sections discuss research on drug treatment, managed care, and drug control policies and programs. Figures, tables, appended background information, index, and chapter reference lists