Almost two-thirds of the nicknames used by 87 gang-affiliated inmates referred to behavioral characteristics. Most (76 percent) of the inmates had received the nicknames prior to incarceration, and 66 of the respondents liked being called by their nickname. The study drew a distinction between aliases (temporary names adopted to conceal identity but meant to pass as legitimate names), nicknames (cute significations intended either as signs of endearment or derogation), and monikers (nicknames used in criminal subcultures but usually unknown outside of the underworld and its fringes). Nicknames of gang-affiliated inmates in this study were always given by fellow gang members, referred to behavioral characteristics, and were rarely negative. Nicknames of gang-affiliated offenders conferred special status or identity. However, 51 percent of gang-affiliated respondents with nicknames did not think it was important to have a nickname in prison. The article suggests nicknaming studies as a basis for future research on the relationship between language and culture. Table, references, appendix