Although broad national studies do not demonstrate a dramatic increase in school violence since the 1970s, serious violence and disorder are real for some students. Risk factors for these students include poverty, inner-city residence, enrollment in junior high school, and living in a family and community where violence is common. Curricular responses include classes in conflict resolution, self-esteem, and multicultural sensitivity. Administrative responses include alternative schools, staff development, and efforts to alter the school culture. Community-outreach programs include committees of school, neighborhood, and city officials; joint projects with local police; and aggressive efforts to bring social services to students' families. Evaluation findings suggest that altering a school's internal culture can do much to reduce violence even for schools in violent communities. Table, references