The sample included 84 sexually abused children (62 girls and 22 boys) who attended child protection units at two metropolitan hospitals in Sydney between 1988 and 1990. Of the total sample, 68 children and their nonoffending parents were reassessed after 5 years. Results showed no significant changes in behavior, depression, and self-esteem over the 5-year period; 46 percent of children had behavior problems, 43 percent were sad or depressed, and 43 percent had low self-esteem. While some children improved over time, a nearly equal number deteriorated, with no clear pattern of change. The only abuse-related variables associated with 5-year functioning were: (1) further contact with the abuser, and this variable was related to an increased incidence of behavior problems; and (2) sexual abuse prior to intake, and this variable was related to an increased incidence of behavior problems. Older children showed more depression and lower self-esteem but fewer behavior problems. Poor family functioning at 5 years was associated with low self-esteem and behavior problems. Treatment had no effect on behavior, depression, or self-esteem. Multivariate analysis showed depression and self-esteem at intake were prognostic indicators of 5-year outcomes. The authors conclude many sexually abused children have continuing problems with behavior, although sexually abused children who are sad or depressed and have low self-esteem at intake are likely to have continuing problems in these areas. 40 references and 3 tables