The first of five chapters provides a theoretical and empirical foundation for treatment guided by assessment. Topics include the importance of assessing offenders for substance abuse treatment, as well as the identification of substance abuse problems. The second chapter reviews treatment methods and outcomes. The author concludes that the greatest positive effects are achieved with social learning models, radical behavioral techniques, and cognitive behavioral approaches. A review of ineffective approaches concludes that client-centered, non-directive talking cures, self-help, and other "quick fixes" do not work. A proposed model of substance abuse treatment for offenders combines findings from the criminological and substance abuse literature. The third chapter identifies which offenders are at higher risk for co-occurring disorders, challenges in the treatment and supervision of offenders with co-occurring disorders, screening and assessment components and instruments, and the treatment of co-occurring disorders. The fourth chapter examines methods of drug use detection (hair, urine, and patches), drug testing practices and policies, and the use of drug testing in achieving program effectiveness. The fifth chapter provides an overview of a cognitive-behavioral model of relapse prevention that is being used for substance abusing offenders throughout North America. For four of the papers, see NCJ-180262-65. Chapter notes and references and a subject index