The mistaken public perception linking immigration and crime is perpetuated by government reports of growing numbers of Hispanic immigrants in U.S. prisons. Hispanic immigrants are disproportionately young males who, regardless of citizenship, are at greater risk of criminal involvement. They are also more vulnerable to restrictive treatment in the criminal justice system, especially at the pre-trial stage. When these differences are integrated into calculations using equations that begin with observed numbers of immigrants and citizens in State prisons, it is estimated that the involvement of Hispanic immigrants in crime is less than half that of citizens. These results cast doubt on the hypothesis that immigration causes crime and make more transparent the immigration and criminal justice policies that inflate the rate of Hispanic incarceration. This transparency helps to resolve a paradox in the picture of Mexican immigration to the United States, because by most measures of well-being, Mexican immigrants do as well as citizens, and sometimes better. Tables, notes, references